فصلنامه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
سال پانزدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1398)

Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. So, use of crop models helps to have an acceptable estimation of its grain yield in different conditions. Regarding that, in order to evaluate AquaCrop, as one of the most useful crop model, under different irrigation water condition in farm, this research was conducted in Kosar irrigation network located at Khuzistan province. Regarding that, long term data in three farms were collected. Then, 70 percent of data were used for calibration. AquaCrop validation results showed that this model had low error and good efficiency. AquaCrop were evaluated using the remaining 30 percent of data. Results showed that the difference between observed and simulated results for wheat grain yield and water use efficiency were 0.45 ton.ha-1 and 0.05 kg.m-3, respectively. In addition, MBE, RMSE and NRMSE results for wheat grain yield were 0.14 ton.ha-1, 0.52 ton.ha-1 and 0.13, respectively. Those results for water use efficiency were 0.01 kg.m-3, 0.06 kg.m-3 and 0.10, respectively. EF and d values for wheat grain yield 0.3 and 0.99, respectively, and those values for water use efficiency were 0.1 and 0.99, respectively. So, AquaCrop accuracy was acceptable for simulation of both parameters and it is recommended to use this model for simulation of mentioned parameters.

Rice is one of the main staple foods which is at the risk of contamination with elements and heavy metals. Given the fact that the entry of heavy metals into the food chain and reaching critical concentrations has adverse metabolic and physiological effects on human beings, assessment of healthiness of produced rice is necessary. The present study aimed to evaluate cadmium, lead and nitrogen elements amount in the rice of the Abraj region of Marvdasht county in Fars province in comparison with national standard. The samples were collected randomly from soil and rice plant (root and grain) in four studied stations in three consecutive months of August, September and October, 2016. The results showed that cadmium and lead content in soil and rice grain were lower than national agricultural standards, which means that the produced rice is not contaminated with cadmium and lead. On the other hand, nitrogen content in soil and rice grain was higher than national agricultural standards, which showed nitrogen-contaminated soil and extra accumulation of nitrogen in the produced rice in this region. Therefore, cadmium and lead-containing fertilizers were adequately used however use of nitrate-containing fertilizers was excessive in this region.

The purpose of this study was to identify genotype of high yielding and stable types in different environmental conditions. The experiment was conducted using eighteen chickpea genotypes in randomized complete bloch design with three replications in four agricultural research stations i.e. lorestan Ilam,gachsaran and Gonbad ,two successive cropping seasons (2014-2016) in autumn planting under rainfed conditions. The highest average seed yield (2911.5 kg.ha-1) was obtained at Lorestan in 2015 -16 and the lowest (742.9 kg.ha-1) was at Ilam in 2014-15. The highest and lowest average seed yield obtained in G2(1509.4 kg.ha-1) and G13 (1266.3 kg.ha-1), genotypes, respectively.The contribution of E, G, and GEI to the total variation in seed yield was about 87.7%, 0.65 % and 11.64%, respectively. The GEI was partitioned using GGE biplot model. According to singular value partitioning, the first two principal components explained PC1=36.6% and PC2=19.5% of total variations in data of seed yield. On the basis of GGE biplots, G2, G6 and G12 had high seed yield and yield stability as compared to the other genotypes.Genotypes G2,G17,G12,G4 and G6 were stable genotypes .On the other hand , genotype G2 had higher seed yield and , on the other hand , showed higher yield stability and was showed to be superior genotype compared to other.

The aim of this study id analysis the effect of methanol foliar application on the physiological traits of beans genotype under water deficit stress as a split plot design was conducted in a randomized complete block design in Safiabad Dezful Agricultural Research and Natural Resources and Center in 2018 and 2019 years. Water deficit stress was the main plots include four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% of plant water requirement) and combined foliar aplication of methanol including 3 levels (control, 10 and 20%) and genotype treatment including two cultivars omidbakhsh 1057 And Mashhad was in sub-plots. The results showed that the interaction of water deficit stress and foliar application of methanol on ion leakage, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, leaf soluble carbohydrates and proline grains was significant at the 1% probability level. The lowest amount of ionic leakage observed under the interaction of 100% water deficit stress and 10% foliar aplication of methanol (25/23 μmos/cm) and The highest amount of ion leakage under the interaction of 25% water deficit stress and the without foliar aplication of methanol (control) (42.25 μmos/cm). The highest amount of chlorophyll a was observed in line 1057 under the 100% water deficit stress and 20% foliar aplication of methanol (0.19 µmol.g-1 FW). The highest concentration of carotenoids in line 1057 under the treatment of 100% water deficit stress (0.19 µmol.g-1 FW) and the highest amount of soluble carbohydrates under the treatment of 100% water deficit stress and 20% foliar aplication of methanol (50.83 µmol.g-1 FW) was observed.

In order to study The Effects of drought Stress in response of wheat cultivars and wild genotype, a factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design in pot with three replications at 2017-2018 years. The wheat cultivars including (Bolani, behrang, shabrang, sistan) and wild (urartu, tauschii, speltoides) were as the first factor and irrigation treatment with three levels consisted of normal (80% of water holding capacity of soil), mild stress (60%) and severe stress (40%) was as the second factor. Physiological studies include: chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, Water Use Efficiency, Leaf Relative water content and the was morphological: dry matter production (dry weight of plants), stem dry weight, stem fresh weight, Root dry weight, Root fresh weight, stem length and Rott length. Analysis of variance showed that simple effect of drought stress had a significant effect on the traits chlorophyll a and b, total, carotenoids, stem dry weight, plant dry weight of plant , leaf relative water contwnt, water use efficiency and also on stem length, stem fresh weight characteristics and Root dry weight. The result of the mean comparison showed that the tolerant cultivaers had the highest stem fresh weight, plant dry weight of plant, Leaf Relative water content and Water Use Efficiency. Comparison of cultivars and wild: cultiwars of Bolani and tauschii wild life showed more resistance.

In order to evaluate the adaptability, yield and some important agronomic and qualitative traits of rice, this study was carried out with 14 rice genotypes, including 12 rice lines and varieties from Rice Research Institute of Iran along with a regional (Khazar) and a local (Hashemi, Esteghlal, Yasmin and Osmancik) check in paddy areas of Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkey and Iraq as the first regional project for Central and West Asian countries under a research program entitled “Establishing a Multi-location Evaluation and Research Network for Genetic Enhancement in Central and West Asia (EMERGE-CWA)”. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Simple and combined analysis of variance, comparison means of traits and stability analysis through GGE Biplot was conducted. Stability analysis results for yield based on compound analysis in three regions of Turkey, Iraq and Iran by GGE Biplot method revealed that the most stable genotypes are Gohar, Dorfak, 184104-34, 184104-11, 18333-12 and 18425-20, respectively. These genotypes had higher yield than average. This research resulted in selecting line 18426-56-3 in Turkey, Shiroodi and Dorfak varieties in Iraq, five promising line including 18425-20, 18436-56-3, 184104-34, 184104-11 and 18433-12 in Iran as the genotypes with high and intermediate yield and desirable agronomic and grain quality characteristics. These genotypes would be utilized in advanced trials of various rice breeding programs to release directly as new varieties.